What is IVF and how does it work?

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a medical procedure that helps people who struggle with infertility to conceive. The process involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab, then transferring the fertilized embryos to the uterus.

The IVF Process

The IVF process follows these steps:

1. Ovarian stimulation through hormone medications to produce multiple eggs

2. Egg retrieval using a minimally invasive procedure

3. Sperm collection from the partner or donor

4. Fertilization of eggs with sperm in the laboratory

5. Embryo culture for 3-5 days

6. Transfer of selected embryos to the uterus

Does IVF work?

Success rates vary based on factors like age and underlying fertility issues. The process can be emotionally and physically demanding, with costs ranging from $12,000 to $25,000 per cycle in the United States. Many patients require multiple cycles.

While IVF isn't guaranteed to result in pregnancy, it has helped millions of people build families since the first IVF baby was born in 1978. Modern techniques like genetic testing and embryo freezing have further improved success rates.

What are the downsides?

Common side effects include mood changes, bloating, and discomfort from hormone medications. Your doctor can discuss whether IVF is right for you based on your specific situation.